Início Academy Guides MultiversX

O Guia Completo de MultiversX

Formerly Elrond, MultiversX is a sharded Layer 1 blockchain with 6-second block rounds and low fees. This guide covers how it works, the EGLD token, how to stake EGLD in xPortal and the main ecosystem apps.

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O que é MultiversX?

Uma blockchain Layer 1 projetada para alto throughput, confirmação rápida e taxas baixas.

De Elrond para MultiversX

Elrond was founded in 2017 by Beniamin Mincu, Lucian Mincu and Lucian Todea. Its mainnet launched in July 2020. In November 2022 the project rebranded to MultiversX, a name meant to cover more than the base chain: decentralized finance (DeFi), digital identity and consumer payments through the xPortal app.

Fragmentação de Estado Adaptativa

Per its documentation, MultiversX combines three types of sharding at once: state sharding, network sharding and transaction sharding. The network is split into parallel shards that each process their own transactions, and the number of shards can be adjusted as demand changes. The aim is capacity that grows with each shard added, without weakening security (see Sources).

Como funciona o MultiversX

The three building blocks of the architecture, as described in the MultiversX documentation.

01

Sharding de Estado

The blockchain state (account balances and smart contract storage) is split across shards. Each shard stores only its part of the global state. This lowers the storage a node needs and lets transactions in different shards be processed at the same time.

02

Fragmentação de Rede

Os nós são agrupados por shard, o que mantém a comunicação local. Uma cadeia separada chamada metachain notariza os blocos de shard e coordena as operações entre shards. No final de cada época (cerca de 24 horas), uma parte dos nós é redistribuída entre os shards, o que torna mais difícil para um grupo de nós conspirar.

03

Consenso SPoS

Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS) picks the consensus group for each block using a random seed derived from the previous block's signature. The signatures use the BLS (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham) scheme, which lets many validators sign together. Because the seed cannot be known in advance, the selection is hard to predict or manipulate, and it is computed quickly at the start of each round.

Principais Funcionalidades

Headline figures from the MultiversX documentation. Live network data is on the explorer (see Sources).

15,000
Transações por Segundo

Design capacity per the docs; grows as shards are added

6s
Block Round

Transferências no mesmo shard são liquidadas em uma rodada; entre shards leva algumas a mais

<1¢
Typical Transfer Fee

A taxa é fixa em unidades de gas EGLD; o valor em dólar varia com o preço do EGLD

3,200
Nós Validadores

Target set in the docs, across 3 shards plus the metachain; live count on the explorer

O Token EGLD

The native token of the MultiversX network. Figures below come from the economics documentation (see Sources).

Tokenômica

  • Oferta máxima: 31.415.926 EGLD

    Um limite máximo cujos dígitos espelham a constante pi. Novos EGLD são emitidos até que o limite seja atingido, portanto a oferta é limitada em vez de deflacionária.

  • A emissão diminui ao longo de 10 anos

    Per the economics documentation, the yearly issuance rate falls step by step over the first ten years, and fees collected in an epoch reduce the amount of new EGLD minted for that epoch.

  • 30% of contract gas fees go to developers

    Per the docs, 30% of the gas fees paid on smart contract calls are credited to the contract owner, which rewards teams that build on the network.

Recompensas de Staking

Variable APY

The reward rate moves with the total EGLD staked and the issuance schedule. The live rate for each staking provider is shown in xPortal and on the explorer (see Sources).

  • Delegação mínima: 1 EGLD
  • Período de desbloqueio de 10 dias
  • Os validadores exigem 2,500 EGLD de stake
  • Recompensas distribuídas a cada época (cerca de 24 horas)

Ecossistema MultiversX

Four of the main applications built on MultiversX. Check each project's own site for current features and terms.

xExchange

The main decentralized exchange (DEX) on MultiversX. Swap tokens, provide liquidity and farm rewards, with an "energy" system that boosts rewards for users who lock the exchange token.

xPortal

The official MultiversX mobile wallet. It manages EGLD and ESDT tokens (the MultiversX token standard), supports staking and swaps, and offers a crypto payment card in supported regions.

Hatom

A lending and borrowing protocol on MultiversX. It offers liquid staking through sEGLD, a stablecoin called USH, and lending pools where depositors earn interest from borrowers.

AshSwap

Uma DEX de stable-swap criada para negociações com baixo slippage entre ativos que acompanham o mesmo valor. Utiliza pools no estilo Curve e tokenomics de vote-escrow (ve) para governança e aumento de recompensas.

Como fazer staking de EGLD

Passo a passo, usando o aplicativo xPortal. Mecânica conforme a documentação da MultiversX (ver Fontes).

1

Baixar xPortal

Install the xPortal app from the App Store or Google Play. It is the official MultiversX wallet and supports EGLD and ESDT tokens.

2

Criar ou Importar uma Carteira

Configure uma nova carteira e armazene sua frase de recuperação de 24 palavras offline. Se você já tem uma carteira MultiversX, importe-a com sua frase de recuperação ou arquivo keystore.

3

Adquirir EGLD

Buy EGLD in xPortal through its in-app purchase partners, where available, or buy it on a centralized exchange that lists EGLD and withdraw it to your xPortal address.

4

Navegue até Staking

Open the staking section in xPortal. You will see a list of staking providers with their current reward rate, service fee, remaining delegation capacity and node count.

5

Delegue seu EGLD

Escolha um provedor com um bom histórico de tempo de atividade e uma taxa de serviço que você aceite; cada provedor define sua própria taxa e a exibe antes de você delegar. Insira o valor (mínimo de 1 EGLD) e confirme. As recompensas são adicionadas a cada época e podem ser resgatadas ou reinvestidas. Se você cancelar a delegação, seu EGLD é devolvido após um período de desvinculação de 10 dias.

MultiversX vs Solana vs Avalanche

How the designs differ. Performance figures change with upgrades, so we describe each network and point to its documentation rather than quoting numbers that go stale (see Sources).

Recurso MultiversX Solana Avalanche
Consenso PoS Seguro (SPoS) Prova de Histórico + PoS Consenso Snowman
Débito 15,000 TPS design target (docs), grows with shards High, single state with parallel execution (see docs) Per chain, many chains in parallel (see docs)
Tempo de bloco e finalidade Rondas de 6 segundos; cross-shard leva algumas rondas Slots sub-segundo; finalidade após votos de supermaioria Seconds or less; no block reorganisations by design
Transfer fee Fraction of a cent, fixed in gas units Fraction of a cent, plus optional priority fee Cents, dynamic with demand
Arquitetura Fragmentado Monolítico Primary network plus custom chains (formerly subnets)
VM de Contrato Inteligente WASM SVM (Sealevel) EVM on the C-Chain; custom VMs on other chains
Staking reward Variável; taxa em tempo real no explorador Variable; inflation schedule in docs Variable; depends on chosen staking term
Mínimo para delegar 1 EGLD Sem mínimo de protocolo Definido pelo protocolo; consulte a documentação

Contratos Inteligentes no MultiversX

Os contratos são compilados para WebAssembly (WASM), e Rust é a linguagem recomendada, de acordo com a documentação.

Máquina Virtual WASM

MultiversX runs smart contracts on a WebAssembly (WASM) virtual machine. WASM is a W3C standard bytecode format designed to run at close to native speed, and it is supported by all major web browsers, which gives developers a mature toolchain to build on.

Rust Framework

Developers write contracts in Rust using the MultiversX framework (mx-sdk-rs), which provides macros, a testing environment and debugging tools. Rust's memory safety rules remove a class of bugs at compile time, although they do not replace audits.

Composabilidade

Contracts on different shards can call each other through asynchronous cross-shard calls, so DeFi applications can be composed across the network. The metachain notarises the results, and callbacks let a contract handle the outcome once the other shard has processed the call.

Perguntas Frequentes

O que é MultiversX (anteriormente Elrond)?
MultiversX is a Layer 1 blockchain that combines adaptive state sharding with a consensus mechanism called Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS). Per its documentation, the network is designed to process around 15,000 transactions per second across its shards, with a 6-second block round and transfer fees that amount to a fraction of a US cent at recent EGLD prices. The project launched as Elrond in July 2020 and rebranded to MultiversX in November 2022.
Para que serve o EGLD?
EGLD is the native token of MultiversX. It pays transaction fees, is staked to secure the network, and is used to deploy smart contracts and vote in governance. EGLD has a maximum supply of 31,415,926 tokens, per the MultiversX economics documentation. The staking reward rate is variable: the live figure is shown in xPortal and on the MultiversX explorer (see Sources).
Como funciona o sharding do MultiversX?
MultiversX uses adaptive state sharding, which splits the network into parallel shards that process transactions at the same time. Per the documentation, it combines three kinds of sharding: state sharding (each shard stores only part of the global state), network sharding (nodes are grouped by shard) and transaction sharding (each transaction is routed to the shard of the sender). A metachain coordinates the shards, and the number of shards can change as demand changes.
O MultiversX é melhor que a Solana?
They take different approaches. MultiversX scales horizontally with sharding, so capacity grows as shards are added. Solana uses a single-state design and pushes throughput with parallel execution on fast hardware. Both quote very low transfer fees. Which one suits you depends on the applications you want to use, the wallets you prefer and the staking terms. Check the official documentation of each network for current performance figures (see Sources).
Como faço stake de EGLD?
You can stake EGLD through the xPortal mobile wallet or the MultiversX Web Wallet. Install xPortal, create or import a wallet, buy or transfer EGLD, open the staking section, choose a staking provider and delegate your EGLD. Per the documentation, the minimum delegation is 1 EGLD, rewards are distributed every epoch (about 24 hours) and undelegated EGLD is returned after a 10-day unbonding period.

Saiba Mais Sobre a MultiversX

Official resources. The documents that support this guide are listed under Sources below.

Site Oficial Documentação Explorador de Blocos Nosso Artigo

Fontes e leitura adicional

Os números e as afirmações nesta página baseiam-se nos documentos abaixo. Os números sensíveis ao tempo (taxas, rendimentos, comissões, dados de mercado) mudam: verifique o valor atual na fonte antes de agir com base nele.

  1. MultiversX documentationdocs.multiversx.com

    Referência oficial para o protocolo, carteiras, staking e contratos inteligentes.

  2. MultiversX documentation, Adaptive State Shardingdocs.multiversx.com

    Como o sharding de estado, rede e transações são combinados, e o papel da metachain.

  3. MultiversX documentation, Secure Proof of Stakedocs.multiversx.com

    Validator selection, BLS multi-signatures and node reshuffling between shards.

  4. Documentação MultiversX, Economiadocs.multiversx.com

    EGLD maximum supply of 31,415,926, issuance schedule, validator stake and developer rewards.

  5. MultiversX documentation, Gas and feesdocs.multiversx.com

    Como as taxas de transação são calculadas a partir de unidades de gas e preço do gas.

  6. MultiversX documentation, WASM VMdocs.multiversx.com

    A máquina virtual WebAssembly e as linguagens de contratos inteligentes suportadas.

  7. MultiversX Explorerexplorer.multiversx.com

    Live validator count, staked EGLD, staking providers and their current reward rates.

  8. xPortalxportal.com

    Official MultiversX wallet app used for staking and token management.

  9. Solana documentationsolana.com

    Solana consensus, performance figures and staking, for the comparison table.

  10. Documentação da Avalanchedocs.avax.network

    Consenso, finalidade e staking da Avalanche, para a tabela comparativa.

Última revisão: setembro de 2026. Os links externos abrem em uma nova aba; a Coinstancy não é responsável pelo seu conteúdo.

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